Pension System

At present, Russia pays the following types of pensions:

• An insurance pension;
  • Old age;
  • Disability;
  • Loss of breadwinner;
• A state pension (long service, old age, disability, loss of breadwinner);
• A social pension (disability; loss of breadwinner; old age; children whose parents are unknown; children born more than three hundred days after the death of the person who was their mother’s spouse, expressed his intent to have children during his lifetime and whose paternity has been established by court);
• A funded pension.

An insurance pension is a monthly cash payment intended to compensate insured persons for wages and other remuneration lost due to incapacity for work resulting from old age or disability. It also compensates unemployable family members of insured persons for the breadwinner’s wages or other income and remuneration lost due to the death of these insured persons

A fixed-rate payment is established for the insurance pension, with the amount depending on the type of pension.

From 2019 to 2026, the amount of an insurance pension is adjusted each year on January 1st based on the value of a single pension coefficient.

An old-age insurance pension is the most common type of pension in Russia. Men over 65 and women over 60 qualify for this pension if they have at least 15 years of insurance record and an individual pension coefficient of at least 30 (subject to the transitional provisions of pension legislation). Certain categories of citizens are entitled to early assignment of the insurance pension. The lists of works, industries, professions, job titles, occupations, and institutions (organizations) that entitle individuals to early old-age insurance pension are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

A disability insurance pension is assigned to persons with group I, II, or III disabilities, provided that they have an insurance record regardless of its duration and the cause of the disability or the time of its onset. It does not matter whether the disabled person is employed at the time of pension assignment or not.

A loss of breadwinner insurance pension is assigned to the unemployable family members of a deceased breadwinner who were supported by the deceased breadwinner. An exception is made for individuals whose commission of a felony resulting in the breadwinner’s death has been established by the court.

A state pension is a monthly state payment to citizens intended to compensate for the loss of wages (income) upon the termination of federal public service due to old-age or disability retirement; or to compensate for the loss of wages by cosmonauts or test pilots upon long-service retirement; or to compensate for health damage suffered during military service, or while serving in volunteer formations, or while serving in military and other formations and bodies of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic, or while performing duties under a contract (or other legal relationship) with organizations assisting the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; for health damage resulting from radiation or man-made accidents; or to compensate for disability or loss of breadwinner; or paid upon reaching the retirement age; or paid to unemployable citizens as a means of subsistence.

A long-service state pension is assigned to federal public servants, servicemen, cosmonauts, and test pilots.

An old-age state pension is assigned to citizens who suffered as a result of radiation or man-made disasters.

A loss of breadwinner state pension is assigned to the unemployable family members of deceased (killed):

• servicemen who performed conscripted military service;
• citizens who suffered as a result of radiation or man-made disasters;
• cosmonauts;
• citizens who served in volunteer formations.

A disability state pension is assigned to:

• servicemen who became disabled during their conscripted military service, or no later than three months after their discharge, or if the disability occurred after this period but resulted from a wound, concussion, injury, or disease contracted during their military service;
• citizens who served in volunteer formations and became disabled due to an injury (wound, trauma, or concussion) or disease contracted during their service in such formations;
• citizens who served in military and other formations and bodies of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic and became disabled due to an injury (wound, trauma, or concussion) or disease contracted in connection with their participation in combat operations as part of the Armed Forces of the Donetsk People’s Republic, the People’s Militia of the Lugansk People’s Republic, or military formations and bodies of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic since May 11, 2014, in accordance with the decisions of the state authorities of the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Lugansk People’s Republic;
• citizens who entered into a contract with organizations assisting the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation and became disabled due to an injury (wound, trauma, or concussion) or disease contracted in connection with the performance of duties under a contract (or other legal relationship) with organizations assisting in the fulfillment of tasks assigned to the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation during the special military operation in the territories of Ukraine, the Donetsk People’s Republic, and the Lugansk People’s Republic since February 24, 2022, as well as in the territories of the Zaporozhye and Kherson Regions since September 30, 2022;
• citizens who became disabled as a result of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant disaster;
•  participants of the Great Patriotic War, as specified in sub-clauses “a” through “g” and “i” of sub-clause 1 of clause 1 of Article 2 of the Federal Law “On Veterans”, as well as citizens awarded the “Resident of Blockade Leningrad”, “Resident of Besieged Sevastopol”, or “Resident of Besieged Stalingrad” badges, who have a group I, II, or III disability;
• cosmonauts. The current place of employment has no relevance to the assignment of a disability state pension.

A social pension is assigned to unemployable citizens permanently residing in the Russian Federation.

A funded pension is a lifelong monthly payment of pension savings formed from insurance contributions to finance the funded pension and the result of their investment; additional insurance contributions for the funded pension; employer contributions paid in favor of the insured person; contributions for the co-financing of pension savings and the result of their investment; as well as maternity (family) capital funds (or a portion thereof) allocated toward the formation of the funded pension and the result of their investment.